⭐ Sabse Important Points · एक नज़र में
- Synonym/Antonym: Check if the pair means the same or opposite; do not confuse with part-whole or cause-effect.
- Alphabet Position: A=1, B=2, …, Z=26; for reverse position, use 27 minus the forward position.
- Part-Whole: One word is a component of the other (e.g., wheel : car); the order matters—part comes first if the pair is part : whole.
- Operation Pattern: Identify if the second number is obtained by squaring, cubing, adding a constant, or multiplying the first; test on the given pair.
- Worker-Tool: The first is a professional and the second is the tool/object used (e.g., carpenter : saw).
- Letter Shift: Note the fixed forward/backward shift between letters (e.g., C→F is +3); apply the same shift to the target letter.
Introduction · परिचय
Analogies test the ability to identify relationships between pairs of words or numbers and apply the same relationship to a new pair. In SSC CHSL, analogy questions appear in General Intelligence & Reasoning and require spotting the underlying connection—semantic, numerical, or logical—quickly and accurately.
Word Analogies: Semantic Relationships
Word analogies ask you to find the relationship between the first pair and apply it to the second. Common relationships include synonym, antonym, cause-effect, part-whole, worker-tool, and category-member. Always express the first pair as a clear sentence (e.g., 'A is a type of B') and test the same sentence on the options.
⭐ Key Points · याद रखने वाली बातें
- Synonym/Antonym: Check if the pair means the same or opposite; do not confuse with part-whole or cause-effect.
- Part-Whole: One word is a component of the other (e.g., wheel : car); the order matters—part comes first if the pair is part : whole.
- Worker-Tool: The first is a professional and the second is the tool/object used (e.g., carpenter : saw).
- Cause-Effect: One word leads to the other (e.g., fire : smoke); direction of causation must match.
✍️ Solved Example 1 · हल किया हुआ उदाहरण
❓ Question: Book : Pages :: Tree : ?
✅ Solution: Leaves
💡 Explanation: A book is made up of pages; a tree is made up of leaves. The relationship is whole : component. Among options, 'leaves' fits the same part-whole relation.
Number and Letter Analogies: Pattern Recognition
Number analogies require finding the mathematical operation linking the first pair (e.g., square, cube, addition, multiplication) and applying it to the second. Letter analogies use alphabetical positions (A=1, B=2, … Z=26) and patterns such as +2, -3, or reverse pairs. Always verify the pattern on the given pair before applying it.
- Read the given pair
- Identify operation/shift
- Verify on given pair
- Apply to target
- Check options
📐 Formula / Rule Box · सूत्र याद रखो
Alphabet position
A=1, B=2, …, Z=26
Reverse alphabet position
Reverse position = 27 − forward position
⭐ Key Points · याद रखने वाली बातें
- Alphabet Position: A=1, B=2, …, Z=26; for reverse position, use 27 minus the forward position.
- Operation Pattern: Identify if the second number is obtained by squaring, cubing, adding a constant, or multiplying the first; test on the given pair.
- Letter Shift: Note the fixed forward/backward shift between letters (e.g., C→F is +3); apply the same shift to the target letter.
- Order Matters: In number analogies, the position of the unknown (second pair's first or second term) decides whether you apply the operation forward or inverse.
✍️ Solved Example 1 · हल किया हुआ उदाहरण
❓ Question: 5 : 25 :: 7 : ?
✅ Solution: 49
💡 Explanation: The second number is the square of the first (5²=25). Applying the same rule: 7²=49.
✍️ Solved Example 2 · हल किया हुआ उदाहरण
❓ Question: ACE : BDF :: GIK : ?
✅ Solution: HJL
💡 Explanation: Each letter in the second group is one step ahead of the corresponding letter in the first group (A→B, C→D, E→F). Applying +1 to G, I, K gives H, J, L.
Practice Questions · खुद हल करके देखो
पहले खुद try karo, phir “Answer dekho” dabakar check karo. 👇
Q1Doctor : Hospital :: Teacher : ?
👀 Answer dekho
✅ Answer: School
💡 Explanation: A doctor works in a hospital; a teacher works in a school. The relationship is professional : workplace.
Q23 : 9 :: 8 : ?
👀 Answer dekho
✅ Answer: 64
💡 Explanation: 9 is the square of 3 (3²=9); similarly, 8²=64.
Q3CAT : DBU :: DOG : ?
👀 Answer dekho
✅ Answer: EPH
💡 Explanation: Each letter is shifted one step forward: C→D, A→B, T→U. Applying +1 to D, O, G gives E, P, H.
⚠️ Common Mistakes · ये गलतियाँ बिल्कुल मत करना
- Assuming a relationship without verifying it on the given pair: always test your rule on the first pair before applying it to the options.
- Ignoring the order of terms: 'part : whole' is not the same as 'whole : part'; check which term comes first.
- For letter analogies, forgetting that reverse alphabetical position uses 27 minus the forward position, not 26.
⚡ Quick Revision · Exam से पहले 2 मिनट में दोहराओ
- Word Analogy Types: Synonym, antonym, part-whole, worker-tool, cause-effect, category-member—identify the type first.
- Number Analogy Operations: Check squares (1–30), cubes (1–15), and simple addition/multiplication patterns.
- Letter Analogy Shift: Convert letters to numbers (A=1…Z=26), find the constant shift, and apply it consistently.