⭐ Sabse Important Points · एक नज़र में
- Synonym/Antonym: Words have similar or opposite meanings (e.g., happy : joyful :: sad : unhappy).
- Alphabet Position: A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26; use EJOTY (E=5, J=10, O=15, T=20, Y=25) for quick recall.
- Part-Whole: First is a part of the second (e.g., wheel : car :: page : book).
- Operation Pattern: Check for +, -, ×, ÷, squares, cubes, or mixed operations between the first pair.
- Worker-Tool: First uses the second as a tool (e.g., carpenter : hammer :: painter : brush).
- Letter Shift: Note forward/backward shifts in the alphabet (e.g., +2, -3) and apply consistently.
Introduction · परिचय
Analogies test the ability to identify relationships between pairs of words or numbers and apply the same relationship to a new pair. In Delhi Police Constable Reasoning, analogy questions check vocabulary, logical reasoning, and numerical pattern recognition. Mastering common relationship types and systematic elimination helps solve these quickly and accurately.
Word Analogies: Types and Approach
Word analogies require finding the logical relationship between the first pair and applying it to the second. Common relationships include synonym, antonym, cause-effect, part-whole, worker-tool, category-member, and function. Always form a precise sentence linking the first two words, then test the options to see which pair fits the same sentence.
⭐ Key Points · याद रखने वाली बातें
- Synonym/Antonym: Words have similar or opposite meanings (e.g., happy : joyful :: sad : unhappy).
- Part-Whole: First is a part of the second (e.g., wheel : car :: page : book).
- Worker-Tool: First uses the second as a tool (e.g., carpenter : hammer :: painter : brush).
- Cause-Effect: First causes the second (e.g., rain : flood :: fire : smoke).
✍️ Solved Example 1 · हल किया हुआ उदाहरण
❓ Question: Book : Library :: Painting : ?
✅ Solution: Museum
💡 Explanation: A book is kept in a library; similarly, a painting is kept in a museum. The relationship is 'item and its place of storage/display'.
Number and Letter Analogies: Patterns and Tricks
Number analogies involve operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, squares, cubes, or a combination. Letter analogies use alphabetical positions (A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26) and shifts. Identify the operation between the first two numbers/letters, then apply it to the third to find the missing term.
📐 Formula / Rule Box · सूत्र याद रखो
Alphabet Position
A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26
EJOTY Trick
E=5, J=10, O=15, T=20, Y=25
⭐ Key Points · याद रखने वाली बातें
- Alphabet Position: A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26; use EJOTY (E=5, J=10, O=15, T=20, Y=25) for quick recall.
- Operation Pattern: Check for +, -, ×, ÷, squares, cubes, or mixed operations between the first pair.
- Letter Shift: Note forward/backward shifts in the alphabet (e.g., +2, -3) and apply consistently.
✍️ Solved Example 1 · हल किया हुआ उदाहरण
❓ Question: 5 : 27 :: 9 : ?
✅ Solution: 83
💡 Explanation: 5 × 5 + 2 = 27; similarly, 9 × 9 + 2 = 83. The pattern is n² + 2.
✍️ Solved Example 2 · हल किया हुआ उदाहरण
❓ Question: CAT : DBU :: DOG : ?
✅ Solution: EPH
💡 Explanation: Each letter moves one step forward: C→D, A→B, T→U; so D→E, O→P, G→H gives EPH.
Practice Questions · खुद हल करके देखो
पहले खुद try karo, phir “Answer dekho” dabakar check karo. 👇
Q1Pen : Write :: Knife : ?
👀 Answer dekho
✅ Answer: Cut
💡 Explanation: A pen is used to write; a knife is used to cut. The relationship is 'tool and its function'.
Q23 : 10 :: 7 : ?
👀 Answer dekho
✅ Answer: 50
💡 Explanation: 3 × 3 + 1 = 10; similarly, 7 × 7 + 1 = 50. Pattern: n² + 1.
Q3ACE : BDF :: GIK : ?
👀 Answer dekho
✅ Answer: HJL
💡 Explanation: Each letter in the first group is shifted one step forward: A→B, C→D, E→F. Applying the same to GIK gives HJL.
⚠️ Common Mistakes · ये गलतियाँ बिल्कुल मत करना
- Assuming only one relationship: Always verify the relationship with all options; sometimes multiple relationships seem possible, but only one fits exactly.
- Ignoring letter positions: For letter analogies, write down alphabetical positions to avoid off-by-one errors.
- Overlooking mixed operations: In number analogies, if simple operations fail, check for squares, cubes, or two-step operations.
⚡ Quick Revision · Exam से पहले 2 मिनट में दोहराओ
- Relationship Types: Synonym, antonym, part-whole, worker-tool, cause-effect, category-member, function.
- Alphabet Positions: A=1 to Z=26; use EJOTY for quick recall of multiples of 5.
- Number Patterns: Check +, -, ×, ÷, squares, cubes, and mixed operations in that order.
- Sentence Method: Form a precise sentence with the first pair and test each option.
- Elimination: Eliminate options that do not fit the exact relationship; do not settle for a loose connection.